Het Kinderrechtenverdrag gaat over van alles waar kinderen mee te maken kunnen krijgen. Vanaf hun geboorte totdat ze achttien zijn. Dit gaat over onder andere voeding, school, wonen, gezondheid, geloof, ouders en vrienden. Het Verdrag gaat ook over kinderarbeid, mishandeling, oorlog en vluchten. Hier geeft het Kinderrechtenverdrag belangrijke uitgangspunten en verplichtingen mee. Dit om ervoor te zorgen dat kinderen veilig kunnen opgroeien en zich optimaal kunnen ontwikkelen.
54 artikelen
Het Kinderrechtenverdrag bestaat uit 54 artikelen. Artikel 1 gaat over voor wie het Verdrag van toepassing is. Namelijk iedereen die jonger is dan 18 jaar. De volgende veertig artikelen gaan over de verschillende rechten die er voor kinderen zijn. Hier valt het recht op vrijheid van meningsuiting, het recht op onderwijs, het recht op spelen en het recht op veilig opgroeien onder. Hieronder zijn de eerste 25 artikelen van het Verdrag opgenoemd:
- Wie is kind
- Geen discriminatie
- Belang van kind
- Wat doet de overheid
- Rol van de ouders
- Leven en ontwikkeling
- Naam en nationaliteit
- Identiteit
- Scheiding
- Bij elkaar blijven
- Geen ontvoering
- Eigen mening
- Mening geven
- Vrijheid van geloof
- Vereniging
- Privacy
- Informatie
- Opvoeding
- Geen kindermishandeling
- Bescherming voor kinderen zonder gezin
- Adoptie
- Vluchtelingen
- Handicap
- Gezondheid
- Evaluatie uithuisplaatsing
Nou heeft het Kinderrechtenverdrag 54 artikelen. Dat is te veel om het hier allemaal op een rijtje te zetten.
Ga naar https://www.kinderrechten.nl/ om alles over de artikelen te lezen!
3 faculatieve protocollen
Facultatieve protocollen zijn een soort bijlagen bij het Verdrag waar de verdragstaten zich aan mogen binden. Het is niet verplicht. Deze drie protocollen zijn toegevoegd in 2000 en 2014:
- Facultatief Protocol bij het Kinderrechtenverdrag: over de verkoop van kinderen, kinderprostitutie en kinderpornografie
- Facultatief Protocol over de betrokkenheid van kinderen bij gewapende conflicten
- Facultatief Protocol inzake een communicatieprocedure
1. De verkoop van kinderen, kinderprostitutie en kinderpornografie
Dit protocol werd op 25 mei 2000 aan het Verdrag toegevoegd. In de artikelen 21 en 32 tot en met 36 staat in het Kinderrechtenverdrag al over het verbieden van de verkoop van kinderen, kinderprostitutie en kinderpornografie. Dit protocol gaat er dieper op in. Hierin wordt het opsporing en vervolging van deze misdrijven aangespoord. Ook de kindvriendelijke juridische procedures voor slachtoffers en getuigen staan hierbij. Daarnaast is er in dit protocol ook aandacht op het onevenredige aantal meisjes dat slachtoffer is van seksuele exploitatie. Nederland ratificeerde het protocol in 2005.
2. De betrokkenheid van kinderen bij gewapende conflicten
Dit werd net als de eerste protocol op 25 mei 2000 toegevoegd aan het Kinderrechtenverdrag. Dit protocol gaat dieper in op de bescherming van kinderen in oorlogssituaties. In het Verdrag staat al dat kinderen jonger dan vijftien jaar niet voor militaire dienst mogen worden opgeroepen. Veel Staten vonden deze leeftijdsgrens te laag. In het protocol wordt minimumleeftijd waarop mensen mogen deelnemen aan oorlogshandelingen en verplicht gerekruteerd mogen worden naar achttien jaar verhoogd. Het protocol verbiedt ook alle rekrutering, of het nou vrijwillig of gedwongen is, van personen onder de achttien jaar door niet-gouvernementele gewapende groeperingen. De staten die het protocol geratificeerd hebben, moeten voor kinderen die ingezet zijn in gewapende conflicten een passende hulp geven. Zowel lichamelijk en geestelijk.
3. Communicatieprocedure
Op 14 april 2014 werd de derde protocol in werking getreden. In dit protocol staat dat minderjarigen en hun vertegenwoordigers zelf een klacht over kinderrechtenschendingen indienen bij het Kinderrechtencomité van de Verenigde Naties. Er moeten hiervoor wel eerst de nationale klachtenprocedures zijn doorlopen. Zo een klacht kan ingediend worden door of namens een individueel of een groep kinderen. Ook geeft dit protocol Staten het recht om bij het Kinderrechtencomité te klagen over kinderrechtenschendingen die begaan worden door andere staten.
Kinderrechtencomité
De Comité voor de Rechten van het Kind, oftewel Kinderrechtencomité, is door de Verenigde Naties ingesteld om toezicht te houden op de naleving van de afspraken uit het Kinderrechtenverdrag. Alle deelnemende landen moeten iedere vijf jaar verantwoording afleggen aan dit Comité. Wanneer het blijkt dat de kinderrechten geschonden wordt, is het Comité niet in staat om een straf op te leggen. Wel doet het Comité aanbevelingen die internationaal veel gezag genieten. Een land dat in gebreke blijft, kan dus de nodige internationale druk ondervinden om zich te verbeteren.
Bron: https://www.kinderrechten.nl/
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